An epistemological view of the philosophy of psychiatry: from marginal paradigms to the meta-level of science

O. A. Vlasova

Abstract


This paper presents an epistemological view of the philosophy of psychiatry. The stages of its development are the marginalisation of psychiatry and the formation of the philosophical paradigms (humanitarian, existential-phenomenological, and socio-critical) through which psychiatry comprehends its own foundations and methodological procedures, reconsiders its view of person and improves practices. Within each of the paradigms, both sides of the dialogue benefit, and the development of the subsequent paradigm is triggered by the contradiction of philosophical theory and clinical practice, and by the internal needs of philosophy or psychiatry. Within the philosophical paradigms of psychiatry is formed a critical, humanistically orientated, philosophical-clinical worldview in which philosophical and clinical theory and practice are combined. The problems of psychiatry, accentuated within its philosophical paradigms, cover all fields of philosophy: ontology, gnosiology, philosophy of culture, anthropology, social philosophy, ethics, etc. The existential-phenomenological paradigm accentuated ontological and methodological problems, the socio-critical paradigm ‒ social-philosophical and ethical. These problems required discussion within psychiatry rather than at its boundary. At the end of the 20th century, the critical meta-field of psychiatry (i.e., the philosophy of psychiatry) was developed. It does not contradict the current paradigm of psychiatry as a science but rather adds to it.

Keywords


philosophy of psychiatry; paradigm; existential-phenomenological psychiatry; anti-psychiatry; epistemology of psychiatry

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-1245-2024-61-97-115

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