Nasir ad-Din Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tusi - Persian - محمد بن محمد بن الحسن الطوسی‎, (Tus, February 18, 1201 - Maragha, June 26, 1274) - Azerbaijani scientist-encyclopedist of the Middle Ages, philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, mechanic, historian, financier, lawyer, possessing deep comprehensive systemic knowledge, wrote many valuable scientific works (among them we can highlight such works as "Ethics of Nasiri", "History of Baghdad", "Treatise on the reflection and refraction of light", "Euclidean optics", "Treatise on the study of the rainbow", "Book of precious stones", "Laws of medicine", "Treatise on public finances", "Selection of Lucky Days" (astrology), "Astronomical Tables of the Ilkhanids", consisting of four parts, thanks to which the name of the scientist entered the history of world astronomy, etc., the author of 150 treatises and letters - 25 of which were written in Persian, the rest - in Arabic, knew the Greek language and science, commented on the works of Euclid, Archimedes, Autolycus, Theodosius, Menelaus, Apollonius, Aristarchus, Hypsicles, Ptolemy, which opened the way to the beginning of the science of trigonometry and the development of many other sciences - such as mathematics, philosophy, religious studies, literary studies, science studies, geography, music, optics, medicine, mineralogy, etc. The famous work "Ethics of Nasiri", written at the request of the leader of the Kuhistan Ismailis Nasir ad-Din Mohtasham, reflecting the multifaceted vision of the author in resolving many ethical, legal, family problems of society, based on the study of many theoretical studies, both Greek philosophers and the Koranic texts themselves, reflected the basic legislative and moral-ethical norms of the existence of human relationships, traditions and worldviews based on the knowledge of nature, man and society. In 1259, the Maragha Observatory created by him influenced not only the observatories of the Islamic East, but also in Beijing. More than 100 scientists collaborated here, among whom are As-Samarkandi, Al-Qazwini, Al-Maghribi, Ash-Shirazi and others, within whose walls many fundamental works were created, which served the development and diversification of many sciences and provide the key to modern sciences, and in the madrasah, at the observatory, such subjects as philosophy, religion, public policy and all the fundamental sciences of Islamic civilization were studied, many astronomical instruments were also invented and all work was carried out from the design of the observatory buildings to the installation of astronomical instruments, carried out with the direct participation of Nasir ad-Din Tusi himself. As a result of 12 years of observations by Maragha astronomers from 1259 to 1271, the "Ilkhan Tables" ("Zij Ilkhani") were created, which contained tables for calculating the position of the Sun and planets, a star catalog, as well as the first six-digit tables of sines and tangents with an interval of 1 '. Based on observations of the stars, Tusi very accurately determined the magnitude of the precession of the equinoxes (51.4"). Unlike Ptolemy's "Almagest" and other treatises: "Mu'iniya's Treatise on Astronomy" and others, he presented his own scheme of the kinematics of celestial bodies. Nasr ad-Din Tusi at the age of 21 knew Islam perfectly, he was allowed to read the hadith, for which he was honorably called Khoja (lord), Movlana, he was a follower of the school of Ibn Sina and Bahmaniyar. In the treatise "Jabr ve gedr" he considered the free will of man to be positive. His religious and philosophical works can be used by both Shiites and Sunnis, and the entire Muslim world, since they express the main idea of the formation and improvement of man, in which the influence of Sufi ideas was also reflected. In Baghdad, not far from the grave of Imam Musa ibn Kazim, lies the grave of Nasir ad-Din Tusi, on whose tombstone there is an inscription "Assistant of religion and people, shah of the country of science", which is an excellent indicator of the high achievements of the Azerbaijani scientist, who contributed not only to Islamic culture, but also to the treasury of world culture. 

Nasir ad-Din Tusi; scientist of the medieval Islamic civilization; Maragha Observatory; treatises; ontology; philosophy

Кьеджори Ф. История элементарной математики. Одесса, 1917.

Субботин М.Ф. Работы Мухаммеда Насир ад-Дина по теории движения Солнца и планет // Известия АН Азерб. ССР. 1951. № 5. C. 5.

Максудов Ф., Мамедбейли Г.Д. Мухаммед Наср ад-Дин Туси. Баку, 1981. 49 с.

Туси Н. Рисалиейе исбат-е ваджиб [Трактат о доказательстве необходимого (необходимо-сущего)] / Маджмуе”и аз расаил Хаджа Насираддин Туси. Нью-Йорк, 1992.

Туси Н. Рисалейе андар гисмет-е мовджудат [Трактат относительно видов сущего]. 1967.

Насиреддин Туси Ахлаги. Эхлаги-насири. Баку: Элм, 1989.

Поэма А. Рази и стихотворный комментарий Н. Туси к ней опубликованы в книге: Мухаммед. Мударриси (Зенджани) Саргзеште ве агаиде фалсафейе хадже Насир ад -Дин Туси. Тегеран, 1363 г.х. (1984). С. 155-159.